page.summary

Possible future puzzles are listed under [#Fruit Expansions].
Suggestions? Excited about a particular idea? Do @@@ let site.author know @@@!

## Kudamono Gallery
### page.author's originals

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W=3&L=n2n6n2n6n1n1n1n3&SSE=8RDRD2UULL12ULLUR&T=Just_bananas&N=87&F=2&D=25/11/2021&G=kudamono
W=8x7&L=s12s1t15t2t4t11m15m2&SSE=13URDRRURRDDLLDRDRURDDLLLLUULDDLUUU58LLLLLLLLDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRUUUULUURU&K=dohz&O=non-unique&T=Starfruit_vs_tangerine&N=88&F=3&D=25/11/2021&G=kudamono
W=8x7&L=l1l1l1l1l1l1l1h8h8h8h2h6h5h8h3h2h3h3h4h2h2&SSE=0RRURR9UUUUUU9UUUUU6RRRUR2RURU1UUUU9UUU5URUU4UUR8URU3RUUU2UU3RD9U&T=Haskap_hazard&N=89&F=5&D=19/12/2021&G=kudamono
W=4&L=n5n5n1n4n1n1l2n1n1n1n1n2n1n1n1n1n1n1n1n1n1n1&SSE=10RRRDR1RRRDRU9RD10UULULLLLUU&O=unchecked&T=Banana_split&N=90&D=17/12/2021&F=3&G=kudamono
W=8&L=p11m2m3p2p4p5p6g2p1l5g6g5l6p5p3p6m2p3p4m5p2&SSE=3DDDRUUUL24LDRDRRULUULUUUULURRDRDL20UULURRUU19LDRDRRULUULUUUULURRDRDL7DRDDRUUULL&K=Hempuli&T=Wild_pears_appear!&N=52&D=27/02/2021&F=medium&G=kudamono
W=8x6&L=g3o5c3o1o6g2c1o2o5o3o3g1o4o5o6o4g5&T=Orange_maze&N=51&D=21/02/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=7&L=l8l12q5c4c2c2q6q2c6c2c2q4l5l12&SSE=29DLLUUUUURR2RR8LLUURRRRDDLLDDRRDLLLLLLUUUUUUURRURRRRRRDDDDDDDLL2UULL10URRDDDDDLL&T=Coconut-cherry_cocktail&N=48&D=07/02/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=11x9&L=b16b1b6b1b2b1b6b1b7b6b1b6b1b2b1b6b1b14b8b1b2b7b1b11b3b4&T=Blackberry_parity&N=42&D=19/01/2021&F=medium&G=kudamono
W=6&L=b13b2b11b1b1b15b4b2&SSE=35DLLURR27LULLDRDLDLLURULULLDRDDLDRDLDRDRURDRURDRUULUURURU&T=Blackberry_thrice&N=41&D=18/01/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=7x6&L=q2q2q3q3q2q4q6q11q2q1q3q1q1q3q1q2q4q2&SSE=7LUU3DLUU6ULULUR5LLURURDD1RDR14ULULULULURRDR3LUUR1URD4U3RDLDLUUR4DDLLURUR0UU&T=Coconut_mesh&N=39&D=14/01/2021&F=medium&G=kudamono
W=4x5&L=q4q2q3q2q2q2q5q2q1q2&T=Intro_to_coconuts&N=38&D=14/01/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=6x7&L=d2d2d4d5d5d9d1d3d2d2d1d9d5d1d4&T=Date_oasis&N=40&D=14/01/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=8x7&L=d3d6d1d2d1d1d2d7d2d3d6d3d9d6d3d6d9&K=dohz&T=Date_fields&N=37&D=13/01/2021&F=medium&G=kudamono
W=6x5&L=d4d4d3d7d4d4d3d10&T=Second_intro_to_dates&N=36&D=12/01/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=4x5&L=d4d4d3d1d9d4&T=Intro_to_dates&N=36&D=12/01/2021&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=7&L=a3a5p7a2i2p2o9p4p3o4p9i2a2p2o12a3a2a2a2&N=35&T=Limes_connectable&D=11/01/2021&F=medium&G=kudamono
W=7&L=o0i8p4a10p2p4p5a5a4p6p4p5a1p11i3o8&N=34&T=Pear_forms&D=10/01/2021&F=medium&G=kudamono
W=5&L=o0o5p5a6a2i3p1p4a4a2p6o5i2o3&N=32&T=Apple_perfections&D=31/12/2020&F=easy&G=kudamono
W=9&L=g12g3c2l1c2l1m3l2m4l6c3l1l3g2g2c6m7c7l2g4g2l4c2l3m6m6c4c3g2g3&N=24&T=Lemons_sour_alone&D=19/12/2020&F=medium&K=Dohz&G=kudamono
W=9x10&L=g12c1g1c1g1c1g1c1g1l3l8m3m6m8m1l1m7m6g15c1g1c1g1c1g1c1g1l3l18&K=Dohz,Portponky&N=23&T=All_grapes_together&D=18/12/2020&F=hard&G=kudamono
W=6&L=m4c5l2l3g5l10m2c2c1c5m2m3g3c4c3l2m1g6&N=21&T=Melons_loop&D=17/12/2020&F=medium&K=Dohz&G=kudamono
W=6&L=l0c10g7g4c1l5c6g2m1m11m2c3g1l2l1&SSE=1UUUUUURRRDDDRUUURDRRDDDDDLDLLLLLUL9UUUUR11DDDDRURURUUR12RURUU&K=Dohz,Notan&N=20&T=Cherries_come_in_pairs&D=16/12/2020&F=easy&G=kudamono
((A=Pedro))


### @ErichFriedman

On 07/09/2021, @ErichFriedman has made a batch of Kudamono Date Puzzles!

Here's the original [paper version|§/Dates.pdf] and [all answers|§/Dates Answers.pdf].

W=4&L=d2d2d2d6d3d2d2d2d4d4d2d3&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d3d1d2d2d5d4d3d1d3d5d2d2&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d2d1d1d2d5d4d3d3d4d2d2d3&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d2d1d3d6d1d1d2d7d1d1d2d5&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d2d1d4d3d2d3d3d3d2d2d8d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d2d1d3d1d4d6d3d1d2d1d2d1d4d3&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d2d1d1d2d5d1d1d1d3d5d2d5d2d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d1d2d1d4d3d1d5d2d1d1d2d1d8d2&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d3d1d2d5d1d2d3d1d4d4d3d2d2d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=4&L=d1d3d3d3d3d1d3d1d4d2d5d3d1d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d1d2d2d2d6d2d4d8d3d2d2d2d9d2&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d1d2d2d2d12d5d1d3d3d3d7d2d1d3&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d2d3d8d4d1d4d3d3d4d1d2d2d6d4&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d3d6d4d1d7d2d2d1d3d1d5d4d4d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d1d3d1d2d2d1d3d1d3d5d5d7d3d1d3d6&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d1d2d2d4d4d1d2d2d2d4d10d1d9d1d1d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d1d1d3d4d4d1d2d2d3d4d5d3d3d8d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=5&L=d2d2d3d7d2d1d2d3d4d2d4d4d1d4d2d3&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=6&L=d2d1d1d4d8d4d4d2d2d4d3d4d7d4d1d4d2d4&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=6&L=d1d1d4d5d2d3d7d5d1d10d3d2d1d4d5d4d2d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=6&L=d5d6d3d4d1d4d2d4d1d8d3d1d4d2d4d1d5d1&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono
W=6&L=d1d1d6d3d1d1d3d10d2d1d8d6d4d2d4d2d5d2&A=ErichFriedman&D=2021-09-07&T=Dates&G=kudamono

### @Stingby12

W=8x6&L=o3a7a2o3l2o1o2a5a4o2l5l2a1o1a5o4a1l1o2l2l1a4&SSE=26DDDDDLLLURUUULURRR35DDDDLLDLLUURRUULLUURRDRR&G=kudamono&A=Stingby12&D=2021-09-12&F=2&N=1&T=Apple-Farming&K=dohz
W=8x6&L=l5g1l2o1g1o1g5l2g1o1o2l3g4l5o4g2o3l4l2g1l2o2l3o2&SSE=50ULLDDLUULLDDLLUUURRRRURRRRUULLLDLLLLUL&A=Stingby12&D=2021-09-14&F=2&N=2&T=Path-of-grapes&O=non-unique&K=dohz&G=kudamono
W=8x6&L=o1o3g4g2g2o3l2o1l1g3g2g2l3o2l2g3g2g2o2o2o3g3g2l1g1l1l2l1&SSE=54RDDLDDLLUURULUULLDDDDDDLLUULURUU&A=Stingby12&D=2021-09-26&F=2&N=3&T=Lined-up-raisins&O=non-unique&K=dohz&G=kudamono
W=8x6&L=l0o6c2o1c1c2c2o1l1o2l1l5c3o1c1o1c2l1l1l2c4c1c1c3o2l2o2l1o4c2o1o3&SSE=10ULDDDR2URR2RUR18DRDRU9RRDRDLLLU1URRU&A=Stingby12&D=2021-09-26&F=1&N=4&T=Always-together&K=dohz&G=kudamono


### @Carrick22

In October 2023 @Carrick22 made the following:

TBA

//W=6x5&L=l0l1l5l1h1h1h1s2h1h3s1h2s6&G=kudamono&D=20/10/2023&A=Carrick22


### Old ruleset

These puzzles use an older ruleset (particularly for pears) that was discontinued.

§/31-kudamono.png
§/30-kudamono.png
§/29-kudamono.png
§/27-kudamono.png
((A=Pedro))

§/:=../images/kudamono/

## Acknowledgements and Changes

Special thanks to @Dohz for trying (almost) all the puzzles, resulting in substantial improvements!

In no particular order, thanks to @@ Dohz, toomblercazz, portponky, deusovi, knexator, mansfield, draknek, norgg, hempuli, zach, skymoo, escaper, koswara, ihnn, omnipresentcoffee, le slo, kutilek, edderiofer, gate88 @@ (inn the the @thinky) for feedback, new ideas & inspiration, rule clarification, playtesting, interesting discussions about uniqueness, and great puzzle references.

Finally, thanks to @ErichFriedman for making the [set of above date puzzles|#Erich].

**2023-08-01** Thanks to @kuchiwo for livestreaming [Kudamono] - the two bugs were fixed (line colour not showing, and fruit not being placed in edit mode)
**2023-10-08** Thanks to @carrick22 for suggesting two panel clarifications and sharing two new fruit ideas
**2023-10-20** Thanks to @carrick22 noticing a problem with the honeyberry rule (now fixed and clarified with one extra panel); to @dohz for spotting a redirect problem, now fixed.
**2023-12-19** Thanks to @JustKirb for spotting a honeyberry regression, fixed
**2024-03-01** A recent regression foun by @5381 was corrected. Cause: improper property shadowing after refatctoring and missing unit test. Old ruleset picture paths fixed.




## On Kudamono's Design

[kudamono/kudamono-cover|?W=4]&G=kudamono

###Fruit Expansions

####Included ideas
- blackberries - lines curve always, except at a blackberry, where they go straight: @Mansfield;
- coconut;
- dates - a ‘branch network’ of straight lines connecting every single date. Every straight line in this branch network has a date at (at least?) one of its endpoints: @escaper;
- star fruit - a show-offy fruit type which must have more line segments dedicated to it than any other fruit type :@toomblercazz
- watermelon - like melons, but unique loops:@Stingby12
- banana - ~~ bananas connect to a single point (which is a banana), bananas connect diagonally ~~ L-shapes : @@ draknek, Portponky @@;
- haskap - shape variety: 1 fruit per loop, loops of different ~~areas~~ shapes

####More likely ideas
- prickly pear - only uses T-shapes, dangles everywhere. Loop? Any number may be connected.
- pineapple - pineapples connect from the bottom (such a strange fruit): @portponky
- blackcurrants:@portponky
- peas - can connect only through straight lines. Can contain any number of itself, but may only end on fruits @carrick22
- a fruit must connect by 2 or more, and each segment on a path must be of different length. Maybe all fruit must be either on an endpoint or a turn (not fruit inside a straight segment). @carrick22

####Possible ideas
- raspberry
- plum
- chestnut
- strawberries and other iconic fruit:@portponky
- loquat
- durian
- arbousier
- persimmon
- pomegranate - pomegranate lines must surround any number of pomegranates without leaving empty space within.

####Less likely ideas
- tomato - each tomato can pretend to be a fruit (of a different type);
- melon seeds - must be contained inside melon loops: @draknek;
- (apple) tree: if there is a tree in the puzzle, all apples have to be the same shape: @draknek;
- fruits inside squares: @draknek;
- region division puzzles: @koswara;
- raisins - connect like grapes, but diagonally (because of all the sunlight): @portponky;

### Editor roadmap
Check the [kudamono editor roadmap|kudamono-editor.html#Roadmap"].

### Design goals
Kudamono should be [#memorable], [#easy to learn], [#pleasant] and [#multimedia].

#### Memorable
The rules in kudamono, as well as the assigned fruit, should be easy to remember, even if dozens of fruits are added.

Memorable rules are:
- ==related==: to certain fruit properties (e.g. cherry: pairs, grape: bunch (all together), blackberry: path resembles brambles, date: path resembles a branch of dates);
- ==concise==: described with few words and depicted win a small 2x2 square;
- ==paired==: (e.g grapes and cherries, apples and pears);

The very first kudamono puzzle contained a small rhyme. This was fun but didn't work well. Other memorable ideas: adding mnemonics: @escaper, changing the symbols to reflect the rules more accurately: @koswara.

#### Learnable
Kudamono should be easy to learn, even if the puzzles are challenging.

Learnable rule examples are:
- ==unique==: rule examples should be unique
- ==exhaustive==: rule examples should try to exclude all possible ambiguous interpretations

Other factors that ease learning:
- ==standalone fruits==: fruits should be playable standalone, enabling easy tutorial puzzles
- ==instant visual feedback==: both interactive error checking and a confirmation of winning
- ==consistent graphics==: lines acquire the colour of the fruit they touch (blend if too many), dashed lines or semi-transparent fruits associate with errors consistently.

Early puzzles contained issue sheets, displaying the different types of errors, on the path to a solved puzzle. This worked well, but is time-consuming. Plus, if the rules change, they need to be redone.

Some fruit rules are too simple to work stand-alone, e.g. the *melon*, *lemon* and *blueberries*. Here the the interaction with other fruits is emphasised. As long as these rules are simple, this does not impair learnability.

#### Pleasant
Kudamono should evoke feelings of happiness, cuteness.Some ideas:
- ==Simplicity==: fruits are a concept anyone understands;
- ==Likeability==: everybody likes some fruit;
- ==Colourfulness==: along the solving process, the level becomes gradually more colourful;
- ==Details==: fruity cursor, are cute.

#### Multimedia
Kudamono should be playable on different media:
- ==Print (colour)== - on colourful glossy printed paper (e.g. magazines);
- ==Print (B&W)== - on black & white printed paper, to be played with a pen, pencil or crayons;
- ==Touch== - to be played with fingers on iPad, hybrid laptops or mobile devices;
- ==Mouse== - to be played with mouse exclusively;
- ==Keyboard== - to be played with keyboard exclusively;

Helpful ideas:
- ==Silhouettes== are sufficiently distinct for each fruit, even in black and white;
- ==Multiple controls== enable mouse.only, touch-only, keyboard-only interaction;


##FAQ
### What is the Kudamono Editor?
The [Kudamono Editor|kudamono-editor] is the software powering kudamono. Turns out it can be used for many other [paper puzzles|paper-puzzle.html]!

### Why is the puzzle named Kudamono?
Kudamono is a japanese word for fruit. It's common for paper puzzles to have names in japanese (e.g Sudoku, Kakuro, Masyu, etc...) because many were invented in Japan.

###How does kudamono relate to other paper puzzles?
####Specific rules
Some fruit rules are reminiscent of other genres. For instance, the **lemon rule** is so simple that it finds equivalents in many genres, e.g. the crosses in [OX Loop|ox-loop]. The **blackberry rule** relates to the white circles in [Total Masyu|masyu-total], except that multiple loops are allowed and many blackberries can form a straight line.

#### Rule dynamics
##### Geisterbahn
There is a rich set of symbol-rules, a subset of which picked for each puzzle and presented visually via concise, self-descriptive pic. **Key differences:** Geisterbahn is about placing numbers, while Kudamono is about drawing lines. Also, in Geisterbahn, symbols tend to affect a predetermined area, while in Kudamono, unforeseen long-range effects are usual.

##### The Witness, the Witless, ISYWANYWT
All genres are about drawing lines, usually on an Euclidean grid, with a rich set of rules-symbols that can be combined. The main difference is the inductive aspect of these genres, contrasting with the purely deductive Kudamono.

#### Genres inspired by Kudamono
##### Bonsai gardening
This challenging [paper puzzle genre|bonsai.html] might have been partially inspired by Kudamono: a rich set of symbol-rules, through which lines are drawn. Key differences: the Bonsai tree encompasses all symbols and must fill the entire board (starting from a root).